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GIF File Format
| Short Name |
GIF |
| Long Name |
Graphics Interchange Format |
| Typical File Extensions |
.gif |
| Contains |
Bitmaps/Animation |
This is a format developed by
CompuServe Inc.
for storing
bitmaps.
GIF files can contain bitmaps at a variety of
color depths: 2, 4, 16, or 256 color,
in each case with a palette.
The GIF format has between through two revisions (87a and 89a), and the newer revision
(89a) is a superset of the older version (87a).
Modern GIF-compatible software, should therefore have no problem reading files of either
revision.
The 89a revision of GIF supports
transparency,
interlacing,
and simple
animation whereby multiple images within a single GIF file can be displayed in a
timed or looped sequence.
GIF files are compressed using an LZW
compression scheme, which attracted a large amount of controversy when
Unisys announced this
algorithm was patented, and charged license fees for software developers using
this algorithm. However, according to The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective, these patents have now expired as of 20 June 2004.
As a result of the controversy resulting for the patent claims around this format, software
developers took a number of steps:
- The PNG format was developed as a replacement for GIF.
However, while the PNG format is increasingly popular, it has not really replaced GIF
which is still widely used.
- Some software developers tried to devise methods of encoding GIFs which would not infringe
on the
Unisys patent
(see, for example, DaubNET: File Formats Collection: GIF):
- The alternative encoding methods, result in larger file sizes as they are not as well
compressed as LZW.
- Files encoded (saved) using the alternative encoding methods, can be read by any GIF reading software.
- As far as I know, it was not possible to write software able to decode all GIF files, without stepping into the territory covered by the
Unisys patent.
A technical discussion of this format can be found in Chapter 7 of Graphics File Formats† by David C. Kay and John R. Levine.
Please Note:
- We are not lawyers. This web site is not intended as
legal advice, and should not be construed as such.
Please consult an attorney should you require legal advice
on copyrights, patents or any other matter.
- GIF and 'Graphics Interchange Format' are trademarks of CompuServe Inc..
- Unisys held patents on the LZW compression scheme, which according to The GIF Controversy: A Software Developer's Perspective these patents expired as of 20 June 2004.
Discuss GIF File Format
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GIF animation is bringing the Web to life -- without plug-ins, Java programming, or expensive authoring tools. This book details the major GIF animation programs, profiles work by leading designers (including John Hersey, Razorfish, Henrik Drescher, and Erik Josowitz), and documents advanced animation techniques. A CD-ROM includes freeware and shareware authoring programs, demo versions of commercial software, and the actual animation files described in the book.
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